Physical Activity Recognition Based on a Parallel Approach for an Ensemble of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Classifiers

Human activity recognition (HAR) by wearable sensor devices embedded in the Internet of things (IOT) can play a significant role in remote health monitoring and emergency notification, to provide healthcare of higher standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate a human activity recognition method of accrued decision accuracy and speed of execution to be applicable in healthcare. This method classifies wearable sensor acceleration time series data of human movement using efficient classifier combination of feature engineering-based and feature learning-based data representation. Leave-one-subject-out cross-validation of the method with data acquired from 44 subjects wearing a single waist-worn accelerometer on a smart textile, and engaged in a variety of 10 activities, yields an average recognition rate of 90%, performing significantly better than individual classifiers. The method easily accommodates functional and computational parallelization to bring execution time significantly down

On functional signatures of bare and coated formwork skin surfaces

The sticking of the concrete on metallic formworks during building construction generates many concrete wall defects. Several solutions have been proposed, among which surface lubrication and polymeric coatings are commonly applied. In this paper, the main functional signatures of a steel formwork skin and a polymeric coating were determined to understand their effect on the concrete sticking. The topographical, chemical and mechanical signatures of the surfaces were characterized at near-surface regions. The top of the steel formwork a 10 mm-thick layer is constituted of two oxides each one having specific tribological properties. Adding the polymeric coating on the formwork skin surface lowers its surface tension, which lowers the sticking by reducing the wettability. Moreover, the smaller roughness of the coating limits the susceptibility of mechanical anchoring. Nevertheless, scratch testing suggests a short durability of the polymeric coating due to its weak resistance to abrasio

Quantitative and representative adherence assessment of coated and uncoated concrete-formwork

Nowadays buildings construction is performed by pouring concrete into molds called formworks that are usually prefabricated metallic modules. Defects such as stripping may possibly form during the removal of the formwork if the interfacial bonding between the concrete and the formwork is high. Making use of a new pull-off tensile test designed in our laboratory, a correlation has been established between the formwork surface functional signatures and its adherence propensity to concrete. The originality of this near-to-surface test was to characterize the concrete-to-formwork adherence by measuring the required force to pull the concrete from the formwork surface. The design of the test coupon was validated by finite element analysis that proves the small deformation of the tested formwork specimen under the tensile loading and the homogeneity of the applied tensile stress at the interface. The interfacial bonding to concrete has been compared between bare and coated formwork. Both metallic and polymer coatings have been studied. The analyses of the pull-off test results enabled us to understand the bonding mechanisms at the concrete-coating interfaces. The pull-off tensile test was proven capable of ranking formwork coatings according to their adherence to concrete

Improvement of regeneration in pepper: a recalcitrant species

[EN] Organogenesis is influenced by factors like genotype, type of explant, culture medium components, and incubation conditions. The influence of ethylene, which can be produced in the culture process, can also be a limiting factor in recalcitrant species like pepper. In this work, bud induction was achieved from cotyledons and hypocotyls-from eight pepper cultivars-on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22.2 mu M 6-benzyladenine (6BA) and 5.71 mu M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in media with or without silver nitrate (SN) (58.86 mu M), a suppressor of ethylene action. In the SN-supplemented medium, the frequencies of explants with buds and with callus formation were lower in both kinds of explant, but higher numbers of developed shoots were isolated from explants cultured on SN. Bud elongation was better in medium with gibberellic acid (GA(3)) (2.88 mu M) than in medium free of growth regulators or supplemented with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) at 34.5 mu M. However, isolation of shoots was difficult and few plants were recovered. The effect of adding SN following bud induction (at 7 d) and that of dark incubation (the first 7 d of culture) was also assessed in order to improve the previous results. When SN was added after bud induction, similar percentages of bud induction were found for cotyledons (average frequency 89.37% without SN and 94.37% with SN) whereas they doubled in hypocotyls (50% without SN and 87.7% with SN). In addition, in both kinds of explant, the number of developed plants able to be transferred to soil (developed and rooted) was greatly increased by SN. Dark incubation does not seem to improve organogenesis in pepper, and hypocotyl explants clearly represent a better explant choice-with respect to cotyledonary explants-for the pepper cultivars assayed.We thank the COMAV germplasm bank at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Arid Lands Institute for pepper seeds and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research who fund N. Gammoudi's stay.Gammoudi, N.; San Pedro-Galan, T.; Ferchichi, A.; Gisbert Domenech, MC. (2018). Improvement of regeneration in pepper: a recalcitrant species. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 54(2):145-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-017-9838-1S145153542Ashrafuzzaman M, Hossain MM, Razi Ismail M, Shahidul Haque M, Shahidullah SM, Uz Zaman S (2009) Regeneration potential of seedling explants of chilli (Capsicum annuum). Afr J Biotechnol 8:591–596Bortesi L, Fischer R (2015) The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond. Biotechnol Adv 33:41–52Brooks C, Nekrasov V, Lippman ZB, Van Eck J (2014) Efficient gene editing in tomato in the first generation using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated9 system. Plant Physiol 166:1292–1297Brown DC, Thorpe TA (1995) Crop improvement through tissue culture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 11:409–415Carvalho MAF, Paiva R, Stein VC, Herrera RC, Porto JMP, Vargas DP, Alves E (2014) Induction and morpho-ultrastructural analysis of organogenic calli of a wild passion fruit. Braz Arch Biol Technol 57:581–859Christopher T, Rajam MV (1996) Effect of genotype, explant and medium on in vitro regeneration of red pepper. Plant CellTiss Org Cult 46:245–250Dabauza M, Peña L (2001) High efficiency organogenesis in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) tissues from different seedling explants. Plant Growth Regul 33:221–229De Filippis LF (2014) Crop improvement through tissue culture. In: Ahmad P, Wani MR, Azooz MM, Tran LSP (eds) Improvement of crops in the era of climate changes, vol 1. Springer, New York, pp 289–346Gammoudi N, Ben Yahia L, Lachiheb B, Ferchichi A (2016) Salt response in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): components of photosynthesis inhibition, proline accumulation and K+/Na+ selectivity. JJ Aridland Agri 2:1–12González A, Arigita L, Majada J, Sánchez Tamés R (1997) Ethylene involvement in in vitro organogenesis and plant growth of Populus tremula L. Plant Growth Regul 22:1–6Grozeva S, Rodeva V, Todorova V (2012) In vitro shoot organogenesis in Bulgarian sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. EJBio 8:39–44Gunay AL, Rao PS (1978) In vitro plant regeneration from hypocotyls and cotyledon explants of red pepper (Capsicum). Plant Sci Lett 11:365–372Huxter TJ, Thorpe TA, Reid DM (1981) Shoot initiation in light- and dark-grown tobacco callus: the role of ethylene. Physiol Plant 53:319–326Hyde CL, Phillips GC (1996) Silver nitrate promotes shoot development and plant regeneration of chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) via organogenesis. In Vitro-Plant 32:72–80Kothari SL, Joshi A, Kachhwaha S, Ochoa-Alejo N (2010) Chilli peppers—a review on tissue culture and transgenesis. Biotechnol Adv 28:35–48Kumar AO, Rupavathi T, Tata SS (2012) Adventitious shoot bud induction in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. X-235). In J Sci Nat 3:192–196Kumar PP, Lakshmanan P, Thorpe TA (1998) Regulation of morphogenesis in plant tissue culture by ethylene. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 34:94–103Liu W, Parrott WA, Hildebrand DF, Collins GB, Williams EG (1990) Agrobacterium induced gall formation in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and formation of shoot-like structures expressing introduced genes. Plant Cell Rep 9:360–364Maligeppagol M, Manjula R, Navale PM, Babu KP, Kumbar BM, Laxman RH (2016) Genetic transformation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) with Dreb1A transcription factor known to impart drought tolerance. Indian J Biotechnol 15:17–24Mantiri FR, Kurdyukov S, Chen SK, Rose RJ (2008) The transcription factor MtSERF1 may function as a nexus between stress and development in somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula. Plant Signal Behav 3:498–500Mezghani N, Jemmali A, Elloumi N, Gargouri-Bouzid R, Kintzios S (2007) Morpho-histological study on shoot bud regeneration in cotyledon cultures of pepper (Capsicum annuum). Biologia 62:704–710Mohamed-Yasseen Y (2001) Influence of agar and activated charcoal on uptake of gibberellin and plant morphogenesis in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol - Plant 37:204–205Moshkov IE, Novikova GV, Hall MA, George EF (2008) Plant growth regulators III: ethylene. In: George EF, Hall MA, Klerk G-JD (eds) Plant propagation by tissue culture, vol 1, 3rdedn. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 239–248Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497Nogueira RC, Paiva R, de Oliveira LM, Soares GA, Soares FP, Castro AHF, Paiva PDO (2007) Calli induction from leaf explants of murici-pequeno (Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss.) Ciênc Agrotec 31:366–370Ochoa-Alejo N, Ramirez-Malagon R (2001) In vitro chili pepper biotechnology. In Vitro Cell Devl Biol Plant 37:701–729Orlińska M, Nowaczy P (2015) In vitro plant regeneration of 4 Capsicum spp. genotypes using different explant types. Turk J Biol 39:60–68Reid MS (1995) Ethylene in plant growth, development and senescence. In: Davies PJ (ed) Plant hormones: physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, 2nd edn. Kluwer Acad Publ, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 486–508Sanatombi K, Sharma GJ (2008) In vitro plant regeneration in six cultivars of Capsicum spp. using different explants. Biol Plant 52:141–145Santana-Buzzy N, Canto-Flick A, Barahona-Pérez F, Montalvo-Peniche MC, Zapata-Castillo PY, Solís-Ruiz A, Zaldívar-Collí A, Gutiérrez-Alonso O, Miranda-Ham ML (2005) Regeneration of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) via organogenesis. Hortscience 40:1829–1831Santana-Buzzy N, Canto-Flick A, Iglesias-Andreu LG, Montalvo-Peniche MC, López-Puc G, Barahona-Pérez F (2006) Improvement of in vitro culturing of habanero pepper by inhibition of ethylene effects. Hortscience 41:405–409Sawai S, Ohyama K, Yasumoto S, Seki H, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Aoki T, Muranaka T, Saito K, Umemoto N (2014) Sterol side chain reductase 2 is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the common precursor of toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato. Plant Cell 26:3763–3774Shah SH, Ali S, Jan SA, Din J, Ali GM (2014) Assessment of silver nitrate on callus induction and in vitro shoot regeneration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) Pakistan J Bot 46:2163–2172Steinitz B, Wolf D, Matzevitch-Josef T, Zelcer A (1999) Regeneration in vitro and genetic transformation of pepper (Capsicum spp.): the current state of the art. Capsicum Eggplant Plant Newsletter 18:9–15Tamimi SM (2015) Effects of ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), on in vitro shoot induction and rooting of banana (Musa acuminata L.) Afr J Biotechnol 14:2510–2516Trujillo-Moya C, Gisbert C (2012) The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on shoot organogenesis in tomato. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 111:41–48Yasmin S, Mensuali-Sodi A, Perata P, Pucciariello C (2014) Ethylene influences in vitro regeneration frequency in the FR13A rice harbouring the SUB1A gene. Plant Growth Reg 72:97–103Zhao Y, Stiles AR, Saxena PK, Liu CZ (2013) Dark preincubation improves shoot organogenesis from Rhodiola crenulata leaf explants. Biol Plant 57:189–19

Unexplored olive cultivars from the Valencian Community (Spain): some chemical characteristics as a valorization strategy

[EN] The olive processing industry has till date been dominated by a small group of cultivars, leading to the possibility of some olive cultivars becoming extinct in the near future. In this study, we determined the composition of some chemical components in the olive oils from 31 minor olive cultivars of the Valencian Community. Our main aim was to identify suitable cultivars, which could produce differentiated olive oils, thus aiming towards their valorization. The average oil content of minor olive cultivars was found to be good, with some of them reporting approximately 60% (dry basis). On average, the total phenolic content was 229mg kg(-1), with cv. Mas Blanc reporting the highest content (570mg kg(-1)). Among the various tocopherols found in olives, -tocopherol was the main constituent, with a maximum concentration of 290.6mg kg(-1). Linoleic acid was the main polyunsaturated fatty acid and varied between 3.4% (cv. Del Pomet) and 16.9% (cv. Blanqueta Enguera). Special attention needs to be paid to the composition of sterols, since some olive oils exceeded the limits established for some sterols by the current European legislation. Some of the cultivars studied were highly productive, and originated differentiated olive oils with a rich composition of antioxidants and essential fatty acids. In some cases, these beneficial compounds were higher than those of commercial oils obtained from the most common cultivars worldwide. These results could contribute to the commercial exploitation of some of the studied cultivars.Salazar-García, DC.; Malheiro, R.; Pereira, JA.; López- Cortés, I. (2019). Unexplored olive cultivars from the Valencian Community (Spain): some chemical characteristics as a valorization strategy. European Food Research and Technology. 245(2):325-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-018-3164-7S3253342452Avidan B, Birger R, Abed-El-Hadi F, Salmon O, Hekster O, Friedman Y, Lavee S (2011) Adopting vigorous olive cultivars to high density hedgerow cultivation by soil applications of uniconazole, a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor. Span J Agric Res 9:821–830Barranco D, Rallo L (2000) Olive cultivars in Spain. HortTechnology 10:107–110Navero DB (2000) World catalogue of olive varieties. International Olive Oil Council, MadridBorges TH, Pereira JA, Cabrera-Vique C, Lara L, Oliveira AF, Seiquer I (2017) Characterization of Arbequina virgin olive oils produced in different regions of Brazil and Spain: physicochemical properties, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile. Food Chem 215:454–462Laroussi-Mezghani S, Le Dréau Y, Molinet J, Hammami M, Grati-Kamoun N, Artaud J (2016) Biodiversity of Tunisian virgin olive oils: varietal origin classification according to their minor compounds. Eur Food Res Technol 242:1087–1099Kosma I, Vavoura M, Kontakos S, Karabagias I, Kontominas M, Apostolos K, Badeka A (2016) Characterization and classification of extra virgin olive oil from five less well-known Greek olive cultivars. J Am Oil Chem Soc 93:837–848Reboredo-Rodríguez P, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Valli E, Bendini A, Toschi TG, Simal-Gandara J (2016) Characterization of virgin olive oils produced with autochthonous Galician varieties. Food Chem 212:162–171Kyçyk O, Aguillera MP, Gaforio JJ, Jiménez A, Beltrán G (2016) Sterol composition of virgin olive oil of forty-three olive cultivars from the World Collection Olive Germplasm Bank of Cordoba. J Sci Food Agric 96:4143–4150Ruiz-Domínguez ML, Raigón MD, Prohens J (2013) Diversity for olive oil composition in a collection of varieties from the region of Valencia (Spain). Food Res Int 54:1941–1949Mateos R, Dominguez MM, Espartero JL, Cert A (2003) Antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherol, and other minor components in virgin olive oil. J Agric Food Chem 51:7170–7175Hermoso M, Uceda M, García A, Morales B, Frias ML, Fernández A (1991) Elaboración de Aceite de Calidad. Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, SevillaMalheiro R, Rodrigues N, Bissaro C, Leimann F, Casal S, Ramalhosa E, Pereira JA (2017) Improvement of sensorial and volatile profiles of olive oil by addition of olive leaves. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 119:1700177Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/2095 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2568/91 on the characteristics of olive oil and olive-residue oil and on the relevant methods of analysis. Off J Eur Union L:326Slover HT, Thompson RH, Merola GV (1983) Tocopherol and sterol determination by capillary gas chromatography. J Am Oil Chem Soc 60:1524–1528Sousa A, Casal S, Malheiro R, Lamas H, Bento A, Pereira JA (2015) Aromatized olive oil: Influence of flavouring in quality, composition, stability, antioxidants, and antiradical potential. LWT Food Sci Technol 60:22–28Limón P, Malheiro R, Casal S, Acién-Fernández FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Rodrigues N, Cruz R, Bermejo R, Pereira JA (2015) Improvement of stability and carotenoids fraction of virgin olive oil by addition of microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis extracts. Food Chem 175:203–211Motilva MJ, Tovar MJ, Romero MP, Alegre S, Girona J (2000) Influence of regulated deficit irrigation strategies applied to olive trees (Arbequina cultivar) on oil yield and oil composition during the fruit ripening period. J Sci Food Agric 80:2037–2043Palese AM, Nuzzo V, Favati F, Pietrafesa A, Celano G, Xiloyannis C (2010) Effects of water deficit on the vegetative response, yield and oil quality of olive trees (Olive europaea L., cv Coratina) grown under intensive cultivation. Sci Hortic 125:222–229Allalout A, Krichèn D, Methenni K, Taamalli A, Oueslati I, Daoud D, Zarrouk M (2009) Characterization of virgin olive oil from Super Intensive Spanish and Greek varieties grown in northern Tunisia. Sci Hortic 120:77–83Simopoulos AP, DiNicolantonio JJ (2016) The importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio in the prevention and management of obesity. Open Heart 3:e000385Marongui B, Özcan MM, Rosa A, Dessi MA, Piras A, AlJuhaimi F (2015) Monitoring of the fatty acid compositions of some olive oils. Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse 92:39–42Paiva-Martins F, Kiritsakis A (2017) Olive fruit and olive oil composition and their functionalcompounds. In: Kiritsakis A, Shahidi F (eds) Olives and olive oil as functional foods. Bioactivity, chemistry and processing. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 81–116Shahzad N, Khan W, Shadab MD, Ali A, Saluja SS, Sharma S, Al-Allaf FA, Abduljaleel Z, Ibrahim IAA (2017) Phytosterols as a natural anticancer agent: current status and future perspective. Biomed Pharmacol 88:786–794Covas MI, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, de la Torre R, Kafatos A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Osada J, Owen RW, Visioli F (2006) Minor components of olive oil: evidence to date of health benefits in humans. Nutr Rev 64:S20–S30Pirodi M, Albini A, Fabiani R, Giovannelli L, Luceri C, Natella F, Rosignoli P, Rossi T, Taticchi A, Servili M, Galli F (2017) Nutrigenomics of extra-virgin olive oil: a review. Biofactors 43:17–41Franco MN, Galeano-Díaz T, Sánchez J, De Miguel C, Martín-Vertedor D (2014) Total phenolic compounds and tocopherols profiles of seven olive oil varieties grown in the South-West of Spain. J Oleo Sci 63:115–125Aparicio R, Roda L, Albi MA, Gutiérrez F (1999) Effect of various compounds on virgin olive oil stability measured by Rancimat. J Agric Food Chem 47:4150–4155Bullota S, Celano M, Lepore SM, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Russo D (2014) Beneficial effects of the olive oil phenolic components oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: focus on protection against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. J Transl Med 12:1–9Krychene D, Salvador MD, Fregapane G (2015) Stability of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds during long-term storage (18 months) at temperatures of 5–50 °C. J Agric Food Chem 63:6779–6786Aparicio-Ruiz R, García-González DL, Oliver-Pozo C, Tena N, Morales MT, Aparicio A (2016) Phenolic profile of virgin olive oils with and without sensory defects: oils with non-oxidative defects exhibit a considerable concentration of phenols. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 118:299–307Yorulmaz A, Poyrazoğlu ES, Özcan MM, Tekin A (2012) Phenolic profiles of Turkish olives and olive oils. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 14:1083–1093Arslan A, Özcan MM (2011) Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of olive fruits of the Turkish variety “Sarıulak” from different locations. Grasas Aceites 64:453–461Dağdelen A, Tümen G, Özcan MM, Dündar E (2013) Phenolics profiles of olive fruits (Olea europaea L.) and oils from Ayvalık, Domat and Gemlik varieties at different ripening stages. Food Chem 136:41–45Malheiro R, Rodrigues N, Pereira JA (2015). In: Boskou D (ed) Olive and olive oil bioactive constituents. AOCS Press, UrbanaCriado MN, Morelló JR, Motilva MJ, Romero MP (2004) Effect of growing area on pigment and phenolic fractions of virgin olive oils of the Arbequina variety in Spain. J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:633–640Gómez-Rico A, Fregapane G, Salvador MD (2008) Effect of cultivar and ripening on minor components in Spanish olive fruits and their corresponding virgin olive oils. Food Res Int 41:433–440Parkinson L, Cicerale S (2016) The health benefiting mechanisms of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Molecules 21:1734Lerma-García MJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Ramis-Ramos G, Simó-Alfonso EF (2008) Prediction of the genetic variety of Spanish extra virgin olive oils using fatty acid and phenolic compound profiles established by direct infusion mass spectrometry. Food Chem 108:1142–1148Luna G, Morales MT, Aparicio R (2006) Characterisation of 39 varietal virgin olive oils by their volatile compositions. Food Chem 98:243–252Arslan A, Özcan MM (2011) Influence of growing area and harvest date on the organic acid composition of olive fruits from Gemlik variety. Sci Hortic 130:633–64

An overview of burst, buckling, durability and corrosion analysis of lightweight FRP composite pipes and their applicability

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The main aim of this review article was to address the performance of filament wound fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite pipes and their critical properties, such as burst, buckling, durability and corrosion. The importance of process parameters concerning merits and demerits of the manufacturing methods was discussed for the better-quality performance. Burst analysis revealed that the winding angle of ±55° was observed to be optimum with minimum failure mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, whitening, leakage and fracture. The reduction of buckling effect was reported in case of lower hoop stress value in the hoop to axial stress ratio against axial, compression and torsion. A significant improvement in energy absorption was observed in the hybrid composite pipes with the effect of thermal treatment. However, the varying winding angle in FRP pipe fabrication was reported as an influencing factor affecting all the aforementioned properties. Almost 90% of the reviewed studies was done using E-glass/epoxy materials for the composite pipe production. By overcoming associated limitations, such as replacing synthetic materials, designing new material combinations and cost-benefit analysis, the production cost of the lightweight FRP composite pipes can be decreased for the real-time applications.Peer reviewe